RESUME SI - Pertemuan 4

Management Information Systems, 10/e
Raymond McLeod and George Schell
Chapter 4
System Users and Developers
Learning Objectives
►    Know that the organizational content for systems development and use is changing from a physical to a virtual structure.
►    Know who the information specialists are and how they can be integrated into an information services organization.
►    Be alert to new directions that the information services organization may take.
Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
►    Understand what is meant by “end-user computing” and why it came about.
►    Appreciate that users, especially those with an end-user computing capability, are a valuable information resource.
►    Know the benefits and risks of end-user computing.
Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
►    Be aware of the types of knowledge and skill that are important to systems development.
►    Appreciate the value of managing the knowledge held by information specialists and users.
►    Recognize the benefits and risks of the virtual office and the virtual organization.

Figure 4.1 Information Systems Support for the Organization
Information Services (IS) Organization
►    Information resources
►    Information specialists
    System analysts
    Database administrators
    Webmasters
    Network specialists
    Programmers
    Operators

IS Organizational Structure
►    Trend from centralized to decentralized structure.
    Divisional information officer (DIO)
►    Innovative
    Partner model
    Platform model
    Scalable model

Figure 4.3 A Network Model of Information Services Organization
End-user Computing
►    End-user computing (EUC) adalah pembangunan oleh pengguna atas semua atau sebagian sistem informasi mereka
►    EUC dipengaruhi oleh 4 hal:
    Pengaruh pendidikan komputer
    Tumpukan permintaan layanan informasi
    Perangkat keras yang makin murah
    Perangkat lunak yang sudah jadi

Keuntungan EUC
►    Kesesuaian antara kemampuan pegawai dengan tantangan
►    Mengurangi kesenjangan komunikasi

Resiko dari EUC
►    Sistem yg tidak ditarget dg baik
►    Sistem yg tidak didesain dan didokumentasikan dg baik
►    Penggunaan sumber informasi yg tidak efisien
►    Kehilangan integritas data
►    Kehilangan keamanan
►    Kehilangan kontrol

Education Criteria, Knowledge, & Skills Needed for IS Careers
►    Systems development knowledge
    Computer literacy
    Information literacy
    Business fundamentals
    Systems theory
    Systems development process
    Systems life cycle (SLC) & Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
    Systems modeling

Table 4.1 Knowledge Requirements
Education Criteria, …(Cont’d)
►    Systems development skills
    Communications skills
    Analytical ability
    Creativity
    Leadership

Table 4.2 Skills Requirement
Managing the Knowledge
►    Office automation mencakup semua sistem elektronik formal dan informal yg utamanya terkait dg komunikasi informasi ke dan dari orang dalam maupun luar perusahaan
►    Pergeseran dari pemecahan masalah clerical menjadi manajerial

Virtual Office
►    Telecommuting menggambarkan bagaimana pekerja dapat “berangkat” kerja secara elektronik
►    Hoteling : perusahaan menyediakan fasilitas sentral yg bisa digunakan bersama oleh pegawai seperti halnya hotel yg bisa dipesan.

Virtual Office (Cont’d)
►    Keuntungan
    Mengurangi biaya fasilitas
    Mengurangi biaya peralatan
    Mengurangi berhentinya pekerjaan
    Kontribusi sosial
►    Kerugian
    Moral rendah
    Kekhawatiran terhadap resiko keamanan

Organisasi VIrtual
►    Three I Economy adalah industri yang plg tertarik thd konsep virtual office & organisasi virtual dan industri yg menambah nilai melalui information, ideas, and intelligence.

The Human Element
►    Most important ingredient in the development & use of information systems.
►    Main players
    Users
    Information specialists